EKG – Electrocardiography

Electrocardiography (ECG or EKG) is the process of recording the electrical activity of the heart over a period of time using electrodes placed on the skin. These electrodes detect the tiny electrical changes on the skin that arise from the heart muscle’s electrophysiologic pattern of depolarizing and repolarizing during each heartbeat. It is a very commonly performed cardiology test.

The overall goal of performing electrocardiography is to obtain information about the structure and function of the heart. Medical uses for this information are varied and generally relate to having a need for knowledge of the structure and/or function.

Some indications for performing electrocardiography include:

  • Suspected myocardial infarction (heart attack) or new chest pain
  • Suspected pulmonary embolism or new shortness of breath
  • A third heart sound, fourth heart sound, a cardiac murmur, or other findings to suggest structural heart disease
  • Perceived cardiac dysrhythmias, either by pulse or palpitations
  • Monitoring of known cardiac dysrhythmias
  • Fainting or collapse
  • Seizures
  • Monitoring the effects of a heart medication (e.g. drug-induced QT prolongation)
  • Assessing severity of electrolyte abnormalities, such as hyperkalemia
  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy screening in adolescents as part of a sports physical out of concern for sudden cardiac death (varies by country)
  • Perioperative monitoring in which any form of anesthesia is involved (e.g. monitored anesthesia care, general anesthesia); typically both intraoperative and postoperative
  • As a part of a pre-operative assessment some time before a surgical procedure (especially for those with known cardiovascular disease or who are undergoing invasive or cardiac, vascular or pulmonary procedures, or who will receive general anesthesia)
  • Cardiac stress testing
  • Computed tomography angiography (CTA) and Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) of the heart (ECG is used to “gate” the scanning so that the anatomical position of the heart is steady)
  • Biotelemetry of patients for any of the above reasons and such monitoring can include internal and external defibrillators and pacemakers

Attribution: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrocardiography
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